When the Great War came to an end, Europe was opened to various possibilities how to keep and ensure the peace. The concept of the collective security and disarmament won, despite of wishes and ideas of some politicians. Not every country was to keen to disarm its&#x...

Japanese imperialism was an important factor of the policy in the Far East in the first half of the 20th century. Due to its victories in the First Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese war, Japan obtained a considerable empire on the Asian mainland. In this step ...

Shipping in the Habsburg Monarchy is closely related to the two Austrian shipping overseas companies, on of which was Austro-Americana. This shipping company was founded in the late 19th century, but quickly settled with other shipping companies on the European continent, despite the&#x...

The article deals with the interaction between the functioning of the European states system and the development of European society in the 19th century, a process that has scarcely been analysed by historians and political scientists until now. Using the example of Au...

Two German geographic names which are difficultto localize – Staetlin and Saelitz appear in documents from 1290-1314 regulating ownership rights in relation to a church in Zdouň near Sušice (district Klatovy). Previous research identified these places with today’s Kolinec and Sedlečko (in&#x...

The aim of this article is to explain the long-term process leading to the decision of Sardinian King Charles Albert to wage war against Austria in March 1848. Moving beyond the normal stress on Italian national consciousness, the article focuses more on the King’s attitude&#x...

The issue of the effect of the natural environment on human society has been (and still is being) an important topic in geographical literature since ancient times. Scholars have queried to what degree natural conditions influence the human population, its character and history, fo...

The military class of pre-modern Japan – samurai – created a rich urban culture in the 17th century. Huge castle cities were established in that time, which changed the everyday life of Japanese warriors. From the land-nobility, samurai became the inhabitants of cities. Due to...

The conclusion of unequal treaties with Western Powers caused unrest in Japan. Adherents of the sonno joi movement demanded expulsion of the foreigners and return of the political power into the hands of the Emperor. They therefore initiated a series of attacks against influential&...

The article deals with the interaction between the functioning of the European states system and the development of European society in the 19th century. Using the example of Austria's annexation of the Free City of Cracow in November 1846, it is possible to prove that...

The issue of the effect of the natural environment on human society has been (and still is being) an important topic in geographical literature since ancient times. Scholars have queried to what degree natural conditions influence the human population, its character and history, fo...

After the First World War, Canada, together with other dominions and their motherland became a member state of a newly established intergovernmental organization, the League of Nations, which was supposed to guarantee peaceful coexistence of the nations on a basis of the principles ...

Steamship Company, the second section of the Austrian Lloyd, was founded by representatives of the insurance companies, banks and private entities in Trieste in 1836. The aim of this company was to develop transport to Mediterranean ports and later to remote overseas ports. The...

Inhabitants of the Habsburg Monarchy began to dominate in the number of immigrants heading to the United States of America after year 1883. The largest number of emigrants were heading through the North German ports, because the journey to the north of Germany was not dif...

Foreign trade was one of the first areas of the Chinese economy which passed completely under the state control after the establishment of the Communist regime in China. The Beijing government started to build a new institutional model inspired by the Soviet experience. Like i...

The paper deals with the foundation, organization and activity of the national protective association, which existed in the northern border regions of Bohemia in the period of 1885–1948. It was the National Association of Northern Bohemia (NANB) and it protected the so-called “border&#x...